Filming that I need to do

From completing my mock,I now know what I need to do and what I have done. So I have written down all the shots that I took when I filmed on Sunday and put them together, however now I know exactly what shots I still need to film to add to my video, as shown on my animatic. Below I have written a list of all the shots that I still need to film to keep myself organised and so that I know what is pending to do for my music video. With writing them down I will be able to tick them off once they have been filmed so I know what needs to be done. 

Mock

For my mock I had to edit for two hours, so during this two hours I have put together the shots that I filmed last night and placed them where they needed to place from looking back at my animatic and placing them where I have on my story board. To help me out to get the timings so that it is similar to my animatic, I have put my animatic on the programme which I used which was Final Cut Pro. From putting my animatic on underneath the shots I can easily see where I need to enter my shots and where to cut them so they match my animatic as close as possible. This was a very easy way to see what and where I needed to place my different shots. This will make my final piece look as close to my animatic as possible. From my video that I have uploaded, you will be able to see that where there is no footage, I am still left to film them parts and then add to my video. However I have footage at the beginning of my music video and then half way through at about one minute thirty seconds that I have included where it needs to go.

Filming Complications

As I have originally planned to film on Friday 12th December, my friend Louise who is my main actress, has got a doctors appointment which is important so therefore I have to move my filming to Sunday 14th  December. This is a problem that has occurred as I had booked out my camera for specifically Friday however now I have had to extend my time that I have booked out my camera for longer then I have planned.

Demographics

In order to make a successful music video, I think that it is very important to know about the demographics of the target audience that you wish to sell your product too. From looking at the demographics will affect the pricing, packaging, promotion and where abouts you are going to sell your product. A provider must understand the demographics to make and create the product relevant to the target audience. It important to get all of this right before releasing a product as it has to be right for the audience which you are creating your product for. By researching the demographics, this gives the seller a high advantage to help with what the target audience want.

This demographics table states the different classes in our society. From looking at this table, they will be able to make their product specific to this for example, if the target audience is people that are at school/college/uni they will need to make sure that they make their product not really expensive as they don't have a lot of money themselves so can't afford really expensive products. This will help the seller to be able to cater for the particular classes.

Conventions of music videos

• Performace
• Abstract
• Genre
• Narrative
• Representation
• Acting
• Lighting
• Make-up
• Editing to the beat
• Costume changes
• Good vs Bad
• Lip-syncing
• Theories
• Range of camera shots
• Audience
• Mise-en-scene
• Sound

Changes to filming on Friday 12th December

I was supposed to be filming outside on Friday 12th December with Louise and Callum in the park however from forward planning and looking at the weather, there is a weather warning so therefore I am going to change my plans of filming outside and instead I am going to film indoors in the bedroom scene with just Louise and film outside on a better weather day when the weather will definatley be good and have no problems.

Digital technology

The digital technologies that I am using to help create my music video and my research and planning are;

Prezi: I have used prezi to present elements of my planning and research on my blog for example to present my questionnaire answers altogether.

iPhone: I have used my iPhone to upload my shooting organisation screen shots and my pictures of location. Also I will be using my iPhone for my music that I will use when filming my music video for the listen over.

Blogger: I have used blogger to post all my blogs of my research and planning and my progress of creating my music video.

YouTube: I have used YouTube to post my animatic from what I have created from Final Cut Pro onto YouTube and then onto my blog.

Video Camera: The camera that I will be using is Sony HDR-CX250E to film my music video.

Photoshop: To create my digipak

Problems with organisation for filming

Here are some screen shots of me having problems with some of the organisation of my filming, with Louise specifically, she was busy every night of the week that I wanted to film, so she said she would cancel her plans to do my filming for me. For the future I know now to say a week/day that we all can do and to ask her early on before I want her to do the filming so that she doesn't make any plans. This is not helpful for my media coursework as I need to make sure that everything is organised and that I have specific times for my filming and if I need my actress to film on a certain day and she can't then this can cause problems for deadlines that I am given and I will struggle to get my piece together if I don't organise my time effectively.

Looking at existing music videos and what I like to adapt into my own music video

Costume ideas

For my music video I think that it is important that I consider deeply the costumes that my actress/actors wear for my music video to match the genre and the narrative. So here I have noted down all of my ideas for each scene and their costume changes to make my music video more interesting rather just to be all in the same costume right throughout my video.

Shooting organisation

I think that it is very important to organise in advance to film to make sure that my actress can make the day and time that I want to film. This has to be precise due to the fact that I need to book out a video camera and I am only allowed to take it out for so long. Due to a lot of students wanting to borrow cameras from the college as well there are only a few therefore it is a first come first serve basis so I will need to know for definite if she can make the specific day or not. Below is a screenshot of a conversation between me and Louise organising to film on Tuesday.

Health and saftey risk assessment

From creating this health and safety risk assessment, now I know everything that I need to consider for when I am filming my music video so it goes smoothly and to make sure that everyone is safe and no chances of any injuries. This is very important to consider problems of what could happen so that we know what control measures to be be aware of.

My target audience

I have decided that my target audience for my music video will be the young adolescent age group between 16-21. This is because my genre of my music video is pop and young people are the easiest target group to target this genre of music video too. I feel that because I have targeted my audience at this age group that they will be able to relate to the problems that are happening within my music video and even what they might be going through themselves.This age groups also are the most popular for this genre as a lot of young people listen to this genre rather then adults aged 40 which are not interested in this genre. Many smart phones, have access to the internet where most adolescents have smart phones which they can access music on and listen to music through this device unlike adults which may not as often listen to music through their phone as people aged between 16-21 will listen to music on their phone for example on the bus to work/college, when walking, at home etc. Unlike adults which will tend to listen to music through the radio at home or Cd's. I am going to do further audience research to fully establish the interests and needs of my target audience for my music video.

Filming diary

Monday 8th December: I have booked out a camera and a tripod.

Friday 12th December:  I have started to film parts of my music video with my friend Louise in the bedroom scene, changed plans from originally filming with Louise and Callum outside in the park.

Sunday 14th December: I have had to change plans as Louise can't do Friday as she has to go to doctors so I have moved the filming times from Friday 12th to Sunday 14th to this date.

Monday 2nd February: I have booked out the camera for my filming which I have planned to do on the 5th January.

Thursday 5th February: I filmed more parts of my music video outside and inside in different locations.

Friday 20th March: I have booked out a camera for filming over the next week.

Monday 24th March: I have completed all of my filming that was left to film and now completed all of my filming.

Animatic

Prop list

I have decided that in preparation for my music video I will need a prop list of all the props that will be included in my music video. Having a prop list will allow me to be much more prepared on the day of filming. They will be a range of props and equipment needed throughout my music video for it to be successful for example;

Equipment:

• Camera
• Tripod

Props:

• Alcohol bottles
• Empty alcohol bottles
• Pill bottles
• Empty pill bottles
• Full bin of rubbish emptied all over bedroom floor
• iPhone
• Photo album with photos in
• Love letter

Choosing the right time and day to do test shots

For my filming I was planning on doing some tests shots for this week/weekend, from looking at the weather I thought that as it was good weather I will do some test shots. From looking at the weather this helps with the planning of my filming as I can see before hand whether it is going to be worth booking out the camera for certain weekends. This is good to plan before rather than not looking at the weather and going to the location and it be raining, which wouldn't be good for my actress as she has to drive 30 minutes to the location and it be a waste of time. From looking at the weather forecast I don't think they was any point in doing test shots this particularly weekend due to what the weather is planning on being like. When filming my actual music video, looking at the weather forecast is very important so I get the right day to film, so therefore it is not a waste of time for my friend to have a 30 minute drive and to not waste booking out a camera and getting to the location then it be raining so then we can't film.

Creating my animatic

After drawing out every one of my story board shots with my timings, I had to scan in each story board sheet individually which was very time consuming and you had to have patience for this. After scanning each page in, I had to rotate every page because when I scanned them in it was the wrong way round so each one I had to rotate.

After rotating each sheet, I had to open the file in paint.

 

After opening it up in paint, I had to crop out each picture to get rid of everything but the single picture which I need for my animatic.

Then I had to save each file individually to then put altogether for my animatic in a separate folder names SHOT 1, SHOT 2 etc.

Make up ideas

For my music video, I think that make up is very important for my video as it gives of many different messages due to my actresses make up. My main actress which is Louise, I am going to make sure that she has minimal make up to get the natural look, and not heavy make up, I just want her to wear little make up so that it matches the genre of my music video and my lyrics. Having minimal make up will also reflect what is going on in my music video within the love loss to show that she is upset with not much eye make up unlike having a face with full make up and not being able to tell the audience that are watching the music video what is happening, this could cause confusion. Below is an example of what type of make up I want my actress to wear which it is very plain but looks natural.

Lyric analysis

From sitting down and looking at my lyrics, I can analyse the lyrics therefore I can put certain things that I want to include when a certain word is sung in my music video for it to match, for example when it sings 'tears on my face' it will show my actress actually wiping tears from her face. This is found by analysing my lyrics so I can make it relate to the music video, rather then they be random shots everywhere and for it not to match the lyrics. I had a problem when I wanted to scan in my lyrics analysis, this is that I got my lyrics blown up to A3 so I have extra room to label however then when I had finished and wanted to scan them back in, the scanner only takes A4 pages so therefore to put the pictures of my lyrics analysis I had to take photos of my lyrics analysis from my iPhone and post them as pictures onto my blog.

Social media

When a new product is created it is important that it is marketed, so that audiences can see the new music videos which have been released. These are posted all over social media, for my music video I would post mine on Facebook, Twitter and Youtube as my main sources.
I would use facebook because a lot of people use facebook on a daily basis and a lot of people share music videos that they like so then friends of friends can see the music video. This way people will see the music video simply from sharing it. Facebook is also very quick and easy to use.
I also would publish my music video on twitter as well as this is similar to facebook due to the amount of people that use twitter on a day to day basis. People also have twitter on their smart phones now a days so therefore can listen to the music videos on the go e.g. on the bus, at college which is important as this is the way that music videos get around as people show people what they have seen on social media just like twitter and facebook. This is very important for music videos as they want the most people to see their videos as possible.

Many teenagers use youtube to share music videos in the 21st century therefore I want to publish my own music video here, the advantage of sharing my music video by youtube is that you can see how many people view your music video which could even mean that your music video is doing well and lots of people have seen it or not very well and not a lot of people have viewed it. This is very easy and quick again just like facebook and twitter as audiences coud quickly type in what they want and then the music video will come up instantly, again youtube is available of mobile phone there a lot of people will use this social media.

Cast List

Louise York (18)
Louise is my best friend and is the main actress in my music video, she was very willing to be in my music video when I asked as she had done acting classes until she was 12. Currently Louise is studying at Wyke Sixth Form College which she studies Psychology, Law and Health and Social all at A-level. Louise is very outgoing and is a lovely person so I thought she would be perfect for this role, luckily she was the first person I asked and she agreed to go along with this role which I am very grateful.





Callum Rush (17)
Callum is my friend and is the main actor in my music video, he was also very       willing to be in my music video when I asked him to be in my music video. He has also had experience with drama by doing drama since he was little and being within a drama club and doing performances. I thought that he would be the perfect person to do the male role in my music video. Callum is currently in his second year at Wyke College doing BTEC sport.





Liv Sharkett (17)

Liv is also my best friend which was willing to be a part of my music video, however she is not the main actress and only is shown near the end of the music video however she was happy to act for me. I thought Liv would be the perfect person to act alongside Callum to complete mu narrative. Liv is currently studying beauty at Hull College which she enjoys very much.

Location

For my location for my music video, I have chosen to film it simply in a bedroom which is very simple for my song as this reflects the genre and also my lyrics as this is what I wanted, however I have also chosen to film other parts of my music video in Costello playing field where there is trees and a long path which is ideal for my music video, as this will reflect the love part of my music video as this is peaceful. As I wanted to give the audience that are watching my music video a sense of isolation of my characters. A place which is filled with grass and tress also show that it is a very peaceful place to go with your boyfriend which is very relaxing and that you can have time alone, this is why I have chosen for this specific location.

Questionnaire feedback

From conducting my questionnaire on what makes a good product, I collected my answers together and came up with a general summary. I asked a range of people, with different ages and genders to get the best answers possible for my questionnaire. For example if I conducted my questionnaire only it in college, I would get subjective results as it would be all in the same age range and if I asked all media students, they would know exactly on what makes a good product. From using a range of people I got a variety of answers, which is good for my results that I can further use for my own product. I have used graphs to show my results.
I decided to start of my questionnaire with a simple questions of what is your gender and age. I asked this question so I can get a range of ages and gender for my questionnaire, if I didn't ask this question then I wouldn't know who is filling out my questionnaire, so this is why I have asked this important question to start off the questionnaire. However there was more female that answered my questionnaire from looking at my graph. Even though I did want a good ratio between boys and girls. My possible target audience for my music video is 18 and below and I wanted to analyse all ages, and get their feedback. From asking this question in my questionnaire I now know which age range would be appropriate for my music video. I am going to use this information that I have got from my questionnaire to use and adapt into my own music video.
For my third question I have asked another important question which would help me a lot with my music video, I have asked what peoples favourite genre was. From asking this question I will be able to know from the people that I asked which was their favourite and adapt for my own music video for my age range. I have also asked what makes a good music video so from this I will know what to include in my own music video as this is important to include the audiences opinion so I product a product that my age range would like. Another important question that I have asked is what people dislike about music videos so I know for sure what not to include in my own.

Questionnaire feedback from beth-wood

Timing of lyrics

0 – 0.15 – INTRODUCTION

You're everything I thought you never were (0.15 – 0.17)

 And nothing like I thought you could have been (0.18 – 0.20)
But still you live inside of me, (0.21 – 0.23)
So tell me how is that? (0.24 – 0.26)

You're the only one I wish I could forget (0.27 – 0.29)
The only one I love to not forgive (0.30 – 0.32)
And though you break my heart, (0.33 – 0.34)
You're the only one (0.35 – 0.36)

And though there are times when I hate you (0.37 – 0.40)
'Cause I can't erase (0.41 – 0.42)
The times that you hurt me and put tears on my face (0.43 – 0.48)
And even now, while I hate you, (0.49 – 0.51)
It pains me to say (0.52 – 0.54)
I know I'll be there at the end of the day (0.55 – 1.00)

I don't wanna be without you, babe (1.00 – 1.03)
I don't want a broken heart (1.04 – 1.05)
Don't wanna take a breath without you, babe (1.06 – 1.09)
I don't wanna play that part (1.10 – 1.11)
I know that I love you, but let me just say (1.12 – 1.17)
I don't wanna love you in no kind of way, no no (1.18 – 1.24)
I don't want a broken heart (1.25 – 1.26)
I don't wanna play the broken-hearted girl (1.27 – 1.30)
No, no, no broken-hearted girl (1.31 – 1.37)
I'm no broken-hearted girl (1.38 – 1.43)

There's something that I feel I need to say (1.44 – 1.50)
But up til' now I've always been afraid (1.51 – 1.52)
That you would never come around (1.53 – 1.55)
And still I wanna put this out (1.56 – 1.58)

You say you've got the most respect for me (1.59 – 2.01)
But, sometimes I feel you're not deserving of me (2.02 – 2.04)
And still, you're in my heart (2.05 – 2.06)
But you're the only one (2.07 – 2.08)

And yes, there are times when I hate you, (2.09 – 2.11)
But I don't complain (2.12 – 2.14)
'Cause I've been afraid that you would walk away (2.15 – 2.20)
Oh, but now I don't hate you (2.21 – 2.23)
I'm happy to say (2.24 – 2.25)
That I will be there at the end of the day (2.26 – 2.31)

I don't wanna be without you, babe (2.32 – 2.34)
I don't want a broken heart (2.35 – 2.37)
Don't wanna take a breath without you, babe (2.38 – 2.40)
I don't wanna play that part (2.41 – 2.43)
I know that I love you, but let me just say (2.44 – 2.48)
I don't wanna love you in no kind of way, no no (2.49 – 2.55)
I don't want a broken heart (2.56 – 2.57)
I don't wanna play the broken-hearted girl (2.58 – 3.01)
No, no, no broken-hearted girl (3.02 – 3.07)

Now I'm at a place I thought I'd never be, ooh (3.08 – 3.12)
I'm living in a world that's all about you and me, yeah (3.13 – 3.17)
Ain't gotta be afraid, my broken heart is free (3.18 – 3.22)
To spread my wings and fly away, away with you..., yeah, yeah, yeah (3.23 – 3.36)

Ooooh (3.37 – 3.40)

I don't wanna be without my baby (3.41 – 3.43)
I don't want a broken heart (3.44 – 3.45)
Don't wanna take a breath without my baby (3.46 – 3.49)
I don't wanna play that part (3.50 – 3.51)
I know that I love you, but let me just say (3.52 – 3.57)
I don't wanna love you in no kind of way, no no (3.58 – 4.04)
I don't want a broken heart (4.05 – 4.06)
I don't wanna play the broken-hearted girl (4.07 – 4.09)
No, no, no broken-hearted girl (4.10 – 4.17)
Broken-hearted girl (4.18 – 4.21)
No, no, no broken-hearted girl (4.22 – 4.31)

No broken-hearted girl (4.32 – 4.37)

Questions for my questionnaire on what makes a good product

1. What gender are you?
2. How old are you?
3. What genre of music do you listen to watch the music videos too
4. What do you like about music videos?
5. What makes a good music video?
6. What do you dislike about music videos?
7. What makes a bad music video?

Textual analysis of Alicia Keys - Girl on Fire

Cinematography:

The use of cinematography in the music video has a range of shot types, for example the music video starts off with Alicia in front of a green screen doing a title sequence for the music video, with a shining bright light behind her, and this is showing the audience that she powerful as she is standing upright and strong. After the title sequence it cuts straight to a medium shot of her laid on a bed looking away from the camera and then zooms out slowly into a long shot as this at first shows her emotion on her face then goes to show the location of the room that she is in. Then it jumps to a different scene in a different location with the opposite zoom as it is going from a long shot to a medium shot. Alicia never directly looks at the camera; this could be so that she isn’t directly targeting the lyrics at the audience and so it is to a wide audience. Constantly all the way through this video there is the contrast between the zooming of the camera going from a long shot going to a medium shot, and the other way around. They have used extreme long shots in the scene where she is cleaning up to show the location. Close ups have been used to show Alicia’s emotion on her face. Over the shoulder shots have also been used throughout the music video as this shows the audience exactly what she is looking at for example when she is doing work, this shows the audience what she is looking at.

Mise-en-scene:

Different mise-en-scene have been used throughout this music videos for all different reasons for example Alicia is wearing a very smart skirt and top with minimal make up which makes her look very classy and a strong dominant women which has been shown throughout her dress code. They have placed flowers in the room as this represents that she is very girly and also portrays that she is a homely women. In another shot she is wearing a formal dress with red lipstick which connotes that she is a sexy woman. In the main room that this music video is set, directly in the middle of this shot, there is a window with heavy rain coming down. Juxtaposed with the title of the song which is ‘Girl on Fire’, as rain is the opposite therefore this is juxtaposed with the fire and rain in this song, this could mean that she is not as powerful as she thought as water puts out fire. Throughout this music video, Alicia has changed her outfit 4 times; however they have all been formal outfits with heels which are typical for what a working, classy woman would wear. Half way through the music video, the lyrics state ‘Burning it down’ and the mise-en-scene has adapt to these as there is an orange tint in the background to represent fire.

Sound:

Throughout this music video there is the normal soundtrack for this song playing right through, however at the beginning for the title sequence there is an introduction song which is very cartoon like. There is no specific pace with the song although at the beginning it starts of very slow when she is laid on the bed, but then gets more intense when it comes up to the chorus. There is a constant beat throughout the song behind the soundtrack to make it more effective.

Editing:

Throughout this music video the editing between the shots doesn't really match the beat of the song as sometimes just when the lyrics change the shot will change to a different shot of her singing a new line. When she is using the sweeping brush it goes in time with the beat for each sweep that she does.  Jump cuts have been used all the way through this music video, as this is the only type of change it has between each shot. The editing between each shot gets faster as the song goes on, as it starts off slow. Half way through the song when it gets more intense, the change between each shot its gets faster due to the song getting faster and louder. However at the beginning it started off slow so therefore the change in shots was slower.

Textual analysis of Rihanna - We found love

Cinematography:

The use of cinematography in this music video has a range of shots types for a lot of different reasons, at the beginning there is a two shot of them both in bath which shows that they have a close bond relationship however that soon changes throughout the music video. They have also used a lot of medium close ups which are on a side to show full emotion of their faces and to get across to the audience how they are feeling, they have also used close ups for the exact same reason. Rihanna is looking out of the window in the flat and they have used an over the shoulder shot to show the audience what she is looking at. A close up of the eyes have also been used for direct mode of address for the audience and to show feelings. Laura Mulveys theory has been proved in this music video as the angle of Rihanna laid on the bed is so that you can see a lot of her leg with revealing tights and also for the shot that you can see most of her bottom with very little clothing when laid on top of her boyfriend. When she is in the room with all the flowers behind she isn't wearing a top and just a jacket and shorts this again is very revealing with the medium shot used here. They have zoomed in on the drugs and pills that are shown which signifies negative connotations.

Mise-en-scene:

They have contrasted between bright and dull colours, each symbolise different parts of the music video, for example at the beginning they are showing the audience that they are a very happy couple and doing all the normal things that you would do in a relationship, here they have used bright colours to show this. For example on the wall of one of the shots they have used bright coloured flowers that reflects happiness. Contrasted with the happiness is when they are arguing they have used dull colours such as blacks and greys which is very dull which relates what is happening within their relationship. Nearer the end they have also included fire on the back wall that was once brightly coloured flowers but now have changed to fire, which reflects danger also with the cigarettes. The messy flat which is shown as very unhealthy for their relationship as they have this type of setting rather then a tidy flat, also the flat is very small which again reflects that this doesn't help the situation of them arguing.
Sound:

They are many aspects of sound throughout this music video, as the editing pace gets faster the sound gets quicker, this is very effective for the audience as they understand what is happening throughout the narrative due to the fast past music which makes the video much more heated. This also lets the audience know what certain situation the relationship is in, for example when it gets faster when they argue, and with the drinking that they are showing relates to the pace of the editing which then reflects on the sound.  

Editing:

They have used different pace editing for different parts of the music video which are significantly different for different feelings, for example they have used a very fast pace through the different shots of them arguing which creates intense effect for the audience which are watching. The beat gradually gets faster and faster for when the tension is rising within the music video however when they are not arguing near the beginning the editing is not fast then normal, it is just a normal editing pace which doesn't signify any tension or arguments. Also they have used a relatively fast pace when they are showing them being happy together and dancing around, this also shows that they are a happy couple but then changes as soon as the editing pace increases.

L.I.I.A.R analysis of Alicia Keys - Girl on Fire

Narrative analysis applied to a music video

Katy Perry - Last Friday Night

This music video a perfect example of the narrative theory as throughout this music video Tim O'Sullivans (1998) theory has been proved as he argues that 'all media texts tells us some kind of story.’ As this tells a story about a young girl who is geeky and she goes to a party and gets transformed from been a geek to a pretty girl then reflecting her night, with the name of the song 'Last Friday night'. Katy Perry herself is performing her own song as the girl herself within the music video, this has aspects of performance. Bordwell and Thompson (1997) have two distinctions between story and plot which the audience actually see. The disruption happens at the beginning of the music video when she’s goes to the party and then from then on the narrative is told. There is a clear theme running throughout this music video which is teenage life which is shown throughout realistic teenager acts such as house party as this is what is related to teenagers. In according to verisimilitude this music video does appear to be what happens in real life and that it is very true to life. This music video is exactly what may happen at parties that people could relate to. Kate Domailles (2001) says that every story ever told can be fitted into one of eight narratives. This music video proves this theory as it is very similar to Cinderella as the stories are similar due to them both being ugly here with her braces and glasses and with Cinderella she dresses in rags and then both get transformed to beautiful girls.

L.I.I.A.R analysis and brief textual analysis of Rihanna - We found love

Audience theory

Blumer and Katz - Uses and gratification theory

We are all presented with the same media texts but we consume it differently. We use media to accommodate how we are feeling for example we listen to sad songs if we are feeling sad or we will watch sad films to match how we are feeling.

The uses and gratification theory are an active theory. We are the audience and we have choice. The uses and gratification model represented a change in thinking. The model looks at the motives of the people who use the media.

The theory makes the audience active as they choose what they want to consume/watch for example you only watch the films you want as you are in control. The media simply creates the product. The theory argues that audience needs have social and psychological needs which generate certain expectations about the mass media and what they are exposed to. The 4 needs are; 

• Surveillance
• Personal identity
• Personal relationships
• Diversion 

Surveillance

Based upon the idea that people feel better having the feeling that they know what is going on in the world. For example the news about awareness.

Personal identity

Understand who we are and how being a subject of the media allows us to confirm the identity and positioning ourselves within society and where we fit in.

Personal relationships

Personal relationships are in two sections;

1. Relationships with the media
2. Using the media within relationships 

Using media as a companionship and we can form a relationships with the media. For example a favourite TV show with someone or having in common the same favourite TV programme which will help within a relationship.

Diversion

Use the media to divert ourselves and watching TV so we can forget about our lives. Using diversion to forget about our own problems and that we are more interested in someone else's to make yourself feel better.

Stuart Hall - Reception theory
The reception theory states that the media texts are encoded by the producer meaning that whoever produces the text fills the product  with values and messages. The text is then decoded by spectators. Different spectators will decode the text in different ways.

Producers encodes message/meaning;

• Dominant or preferred
• Negotiated
• Oppositional

Dominant

The reading of a text is that the audience view the media texts in the way that producers intended. The audience agree with the ideology and messages behind the text.

Dominant understanding of your product?

• Clear messages
• Audience is the same ages so relates to product(uses and gratification)
• From the same cultures
• Easy to understand narrative in relation.

Negotiated

The audience understand the messages from the text that it is being intended however they still have their own opinion even though they can see the point being made in relation to the reading.

Negotiated reading of your product?

• The audience may not have had the same life experiences
• Age may vary the reading and understanding

Oppositional

The audience rejects the preferred reading and creates their own reading of the text as they don't agree with the messages created from the audience.

Oppositional reading of your product?

• Your product has controversial themes
• Disagree with the messages in the video
• Dislike the genre (uses and gratification)
• No understanding
• Not reflective of society
• Difficult cultures have different understanding

Narrative Theory

Role within the narrative:

• Narrative
• Technical codes(use of close ups, mise-en-scene, editing, show expression)
• Performance
• Artists playing version of themselves

'Help' - The Beatles (1965)

Image created with mise-en-scene and setting. Representation created iconic imagery. This was a very successful music video.

Using films as promotion dropped because TV's started to come out.

1960's - 'Golden Era' was finished. Factories didn't make war items, as they started to make stereos. Proliferation of media technologies. Crime stopped.

The use of close ups, band performance e.g. medium/long shots.

80 - 85 million people saw The Beatles and American TV. There was no reported crime meaning that people didn't wan to commit crimes and instead watch The Beatles. "Short promotional films"- They was called in this era.     

The Beatles made a short film 'Magical Mystery Tour' 1967 (Boxing day was shown) Made in colour BBC shown it in black and white. This short film has used many conventions such as; close ups, band shots, editing on the beat, montage editing.

Michael shores (1984) argues that music videos are recycled styles.

Weezer - Buddy Holly (Happy Days) a sick comedy 1950's American (1970's made)

Recycled styles of TV programme and cultural references. Different elements edited in for effect for example black leather jackets is iconic for rebellion/rock which is recycled look from a sick com.

We get our knowledge from media texts from different eras. Surface without substance - no meaning.

Oasis - The importance of being idle - the beginning is just like a film.

Saturday night and Sunday morning (late 1950's British film movement) 1960.

Immediate gratification - Get something fast. Change music video over to 800's more videos.

Variety and the moment - not caring. Violent/sexual imagery. Adolescent male fantasies; girls and money.

Andrew Goodwin (1992) argues that in music videos 'narrative relations are highly complex' and meaning can be created from the individual audience viewers musical personal musical taste to sophisticated intertexuality that uses multidiscursine phenomena of western culture,

Many are dominated by advertising reference, film pastiche and reinforce the post-modern 're-use' tradition. Not everyone likes the same programme. Shared media experiences but own audience personal musical taste. Own experiences through culture.

Bordwell and Thompson (1997) offers two distinction between story and plot which relate to the diagetic world of the narrative. Fabula (story) is all the events in the narrative that we see and infer. Synuzet (plot). Linearity of cause and effect within an overall trajectory of enigma resolution. Tzventon Todorov (1977)

Roland Barthes (1977) development of the problem, an enigma. Narrative works with 5 different codes - leads to narrative (conventional). Depends on genre what the codes mean.

Representation Theory

Laura Mulveys - Male Gaze Theory
This theory is how the audience view women who are presented in the media. She states that women are there to be seen and that the use of camera portrays them as sexual objects through shot types and movements.
Her focus is on:

• How women look at themselves from there images
• How men look at women from those images
• How women look at other women from those images

The male gaze focuses on:

• Emphasising curves of the female body
• Referring to women as objects rather then people
• The display of women
• Female viewer view the content through the eyes of a man

The male gaze describes how the audience or viewer is put into the perspective of a hetrosexual male e.g. the camera lingers over the curves of a womens body.

Mulvey states that women are typically the objects, rather then the possessers and men emerges dominant power. This is proven in the music video; Nicki Minaj - Anaconda.

This emphasises the curves of the female body, shows women as objects rather then people, displays women in a way to please men. Would the female viewers, view the contents through the eyes of a man? Women sexualised and seen as object and viewed based on sexual desire and the way they look.

Richard Dyer - Star Theory
This theory is the idea that icons and celebrities are constructed by institutions for financial reasons and are built to target a specific audience or group of people. Dyers theory can be broken down into three sections:

• Audience and institutions
• Constructions
• Hegemony (cultural beliefs)

He states, "Stars are commodites that are produced by institutions."

"A star is a constructed image, represented across a range of media and medium."

"Stars represent and embody certain ideologies."

Stars are made to make money. They make a star based on what they think the audience want.

Constructions: the start is built for an audience and is not an actual person, a persona is created for the audience to identify with and no star can differentiate between different stars and why they like them or not. differentiates them from other stars e.g. Lady Gaga outrageous fashion.

Hegemony: (leadership or dominance) we relate to the star because they have a feature that we admire or share with them.

Tessa Perkins - Stereotypes
Stereotyping is attaching a label/name to either an individual or groups of people which then they further get labelled. People judge on their looks e.g. if you wear black you may be seen as instantly a emo/goth. Stereotypes are based upon the media. Stereotyping is not a simple process and contains a number of assumptions that can be challenged.

Stereotypes are not always negative for example "the french are good cooks".

Perkins identifies such assumptions:

• They are not always about minority groups or the less powerful upper class
• They can be held about ones own group
• They are not rigid or unchanging
• They are not always false

The less powerful but this is not always the case when targeted for aiming stereotypes. They has to be some truth in the stereotype or they wouldn't have the representation in the first place. Stereotypes are always erroneous in context (usually wrong). They are about groups with whom we have little or no social contact.

Genre Development

Christian Metz said that texts go through all four stages:

• Experimental stage
• Classic stage
• Parody stage
• Deconstruction stage

Music videos in a medium intended to appeal directly to youth subcultures by reinforcing generic elements of musical genres. Music videos are post modern texts whole main purpose in to promote a star persona which is the Richard Dyer(1975) theory. 

David Bordwell (1989) ' Any themes may appear in any genre'.

• Teen angst
• Rebellion
• Romance
• Sex
• Bullying

David Buckingham (1993) argues that genre is not.. simply 'gives' by the cultures: rather it is a constant process of negotiation and change.

Jacques Deride reminds use of 'the law of the genre'.

Juvenile Delinquency: Moral panics and the teenager as a folk devil. Themes in music videos;

• War
• Crime
• Poverty
• Capitalism
• Racism 
• Friendship

Genres are not fixed as they are constantly changing and will evolve over time.

Genre theory

Genre is a critical tool that helps us study texts and audience responses to texts by dividing them into categories based on common elements. The main strengths of the genre theory is that everybody uses it and understands it  - media experts use it to study media texts, the media industry uses it to develop  and market texts audiences use to it to decide what texts to consume. It is easy to understand and also it accessible and can be applied across a wide audience and range of texts. You can apply any theory to any texts and get a reading out of it.

Daniel Chandler (2001) argues that the word genre comes from the French word for 'kind' or 'class'. The term is widely used in rhetoric literacy theory, media theory to refer to a distinctive type of texts.

Barry Keith Grant (1995) says that all genres have sub genres (more specific genres) in a genre.

Steve Neale (1995) stresses that 'genres are not systems' they are processes of systematization for example they are dynamic and evolve over time.

Nosfertu (1922) Trailer was the first vampire film, they use this image of Jewish people.

Interview with the vampire (1994)

• In colour and has sound
• Set in San Francisco
• Period drama
• Focus of the vampire unlike before from vampire being the bad guys now has become the protagonist.

Dynamic - Has to change - We recognise them.

Generic characteristics across all texts share similar elements of the below depending on the medium

• Typical mise-en-scene, typical narrative, generic types (typical characters)
• Important elements of minimal importance.

Comedy and animation are not genres, they are styles or treatments for example Walle (2008) animated.

Jason Mittell (2001) argues that genres are cultural categories that surpass the boundaries of media texts and operate within industry, audience and cultural practices as well.

Rick Altman (1999) argues that genre offers audiences a set of pleasures;

• Emotional pleasures
• Visceral pleasures 
• Intellectual puzzles 

Jay Z - 99 problems

This music video is very stereotypical of police and black people,some people even see this music video as racist. The genre of this music video is rap and hip-hop. This music video represents what is going on in society at this time. This links with the theorist Jason Mittell (2001) as he argues that genres are cultural categories that surpass the boundaries of media texts and operate within industry, audience, and cultural practices as well. As this gives an idea to the audience about society as well as just been a music video. Throughout this music video this have a rap culture all the way through, as they are wearing hoodies and joggers and people stereotype this to certain people. Police harassment is also noticed in this music video along, in the urban environment. This represents women and ideology. This shows the culture that exists within society.

History of the genre - Pop

Pop music (a term that originally derives from an abbreviation of "popular") is a genre of popular music which originated in its modern form in the 1950's, deriving from rock and roll. The terms "popular music" and "pop music" are often used interchangeably, even though the former is a description of music which is popular (and can include any style).

As a genre, pop music is very eclectic, often borrowing elements from other styles including urban, dance, rock, Latin and country; nonetheless, there are core elements which define pop. Such include generally short to medium-length songs, written in a basic format (often the verse-chorus structure), as well as the common employment of repeated choruses, melodic tunes, and hooks.

So-called "pure pop" music, such as power pop, which has been described as mixture of hard rock and melodic pop musicand tends to be more aggressive than pop rock, features all these elements, using electric guitars, drums and bass for instrumentation.

David Hatch and Stephen Millward define pop music as "a body of music which is distinguishable from popular, jazz, and folk musics". According to Pete Seeger, pop music is "professional music which draws upon both folk music and fine arts music". Although pop music is often seen as oriented towards the singles charts it is not the sum of all chart music, which has always contained songs from a variety of sources, including classical, jazz, rock, and novelty songs, while pop music as a genre is usually seen as existing and developing separately.Thus "pop music" may be used to describe a distinct genre, aimed at a youth market, often characterized as a softer alternative to rock and roll.

The term "pop song" is first recorded as being used in 1926, in the sense of a piece of music "having popular appeal". Hatch and Millward indicate that many events in the history of recording in the 1920s can be seen as the birth of the modern pop music industry, including incountry, blues and hillbilly music.

 
According to several sources, MTV helped give rise to pop stars such as Michael Jackson and Madonna; and Jackson and Madonna helped make MTV. 
(sourced from wikipedia)

Treatment

My song that I have chosen for my music video is Beyoncé – Broken hearted girl, with the theme that it is a break up and love loss clique. The narrative that I have chosen for my song is that my actress is going through a hard time with her break up whilst her ex-boyfriend has moved on and got a new girlfriend however she is stuck in the past.

History of Medium

The earliest music videos and promos were produced in the mid 1950's, however in the 1920's animators such as Oskar Fischinger created scenes that accompanied  musical scores labeled 'visual music'. Warner Brothers were one of the first early animation screens producred to this day, Walt disney was known for being one of their best efforts. The Warner Brothers videos even in animation  were conventionally what they are today, promotions of a variety of their products; they were designed and created to feauture upcoming musicals from the company. This essentially what the music business is based on today, a conglomerate encouraging the target audience through a range of different mediums to purchase their material.

This is a Scopitone machine, this is one of several jukeboxes that played an early form of music videos. The scopitone was introduced into the French market in 1960 as an audio-visual jukebox. The screen that was sat on top, and the films were 16mm with a magnetic sound strip. The scopitone had a novelty when it first was made. It has been called a precursor to MTV. In 1964, the year Scopitone was introduced to America by 31 year old Miami Beach lawyer Alvin Malnik. Musical films which played on similar devices in nightclubs, amusements parks and bus terminals.The last surviving Scopitone repairman Dick Hack said that "the Scopitone was a nightmare for the operators; they had a lot of little things that could go wrong"

The Kinetophone was made in 1895, this was designed for people to watch films on, indivudually at at one time through a peephole through the window at the top of the machine.It was largely devolped by William Kennedy Laurie Dickson between 1889 and 1892.

The Beatles - Hello Goodbye
Mise-en-scene: They have very bright coloured clothing, at the beginning and end there is a black curtain as this makes it look like a performance. They have also used black and white features as they are looking back at their first video. The framing of the camera shots are not always very good as they sometimes are a lot of dead space when framing. When they sing 'goodbye' it shows that they are saying bye to the old Beatles and then showing the new Beatles, with the throughout from old to new.

Cinematography: They have used a range of different shot types, for example medium shot, long shots of the band, medium/close up, focus on the band instruments, they switch the different camera shots however they have bad framing as they cut their heads off on different shots which isn't conventional for music videos. They repeat shots also throughout the music videos to remind the audience.

Editing: Throughout this music video they have used montage editing to show different times, they also have matched the editing with the lyrics and the beat of the song which is conventional for a music video. Nearer the end there is a faster beat then the rest of the song.

Sound: The song track is the only thing that has been played from start to end.

Michael Jackson - Thriller
This music video includes in all three levels of diagesis, which are two levels of reality, nightmare and convention from Hollywood. Thriller is very medialiterate. It again has the performance element like the Madonna - Vogue music video, where the artist is performing in the video, this again is typical for a music video. Throughout the whole of this music video there are constant horror conventions to make this music video as powerful and successful as possible to get across to the audience what genre it is for example there is a wolf transformation. The video is called 'Thriller' and whilst watching this music video it is very exciting and makes you want to watch more, this links exactly with what you feel whilst watching this.

Music video research

Madonna - Vogue
This music video was very successful and great hit from when it was very first released, throughout this music there is an iconic image which is created through the video, which is the usage of a black and white effect, this has been used to create a 1940-1950s look, for a Hollywood vision. Just like a film star e.g. Marilyn Monroe which is well known for her big blonde hair and black and white colours which Madonna has transferred onto her own video to attract the audience which are watching.This video has voyeorism which is pleasure from looking by watching the video, as she is giving a performance in her own music video which is typical.

Chosen song

My chosen song that I have chose for my music video is Beyonce - Broken Hearted Girl, I have done this through slow elimination of other songs before finally choosing this one. My main struggle was between this song and Emilie Sande - Read all about it (Part three) but then came to my final choice of choosing this particular song. I have chosen this song as I feel that it represents my personality well, also this is my favourite genre to listen to generally. I believe that a lot of people can relate to this song if they are going through heart break, I also think that I could add a range of editing techniques and different settings within this song. 

Who is Beyonce?(sourced from wikipedia)

Beyoncé Giselle Knowles-Carter (née Knowles; born September 4, 1981), known mononymously as Beyoncé is an American singer and actress. Born and raised in Houston, Texas, she performed in various singing and dancing competitions as a child, and rose to fame in the late 1990s as lead singer of R&B girl-group Destiny's Child. Managed by her fatherMathew Knowles, the group became one of the world's best-selling girl groups of all time. Their hiatus saw the release of Beyoncé's debut album, Dangerously in Love (2003), which established her as a solo artist worldwide; it sold 11 million copies, earned fiveGrammy Awards and featured the Billboard Hot 100 number-one singles "Crazy in Love" and "Baby Boy".

Following the disbandment of Destiny's Child in June 2005, she released her second solo album, B'Day (2006), which contained hits "Déjà Vu", "Irreplaceable", and "Beautiful Liar". Beyoncé also ventured into acting, with a Golden Globe-nominated performance inDreamgirls (2006), and starring roles in The Pink Panther (2006) and Obsessed (2009). Her marriage to rapper Jay-Z and portrayal of Etta James in Cadillac Records (2008) influenced her third album, I Am... Sasha Fierce (2008), which saw the birth of her alter-ego Sasha Fierce and earned a record-setting six Grammy Awards in 2010, including Song of the Year for "Single Ladies (Put a Ring on It)". Beyoncé took a hiatus from music in 2010 and took over management of her career; her fourth album 4 (2011) was subsequently mellower in tone, exploring 1970s funk, 1980s pop, and 1990s soul. Her fifth studio album, Beyoncé (2013), was critically acclaimed and was distinguished from previous releases by its experimental production and exploration of darker themes.

A self-described "modern-day feminist", her songs are often characterized by themes of love, relationships, and monogamy, as well as female sexuality and empowerment. On stage, her dynamic, highly choreographed performances have led to critics hailing her as one of the best entertainers in contemporary popular music. Throughout a career spanning 16 years, she has won 17 Grammy Awards and sold over 75 million records as a solo artist, and a further 60 million with Destiny's Child, making her one of thebest-selling music artists of all time.The Recording Industry Association of America recognized Beyoncé as the Top Certified Artist in America during the 2000s decade. In 2009, Billboard named her the Top Radio Songs Artist of the Decade, the Top Female Artist of the 2000s and their Artist of the Millennium in 2011. In 2014, she ranked atop of Forbes' Celebrity 100 and became the highest-paid black musician in history. She was included in Time magazine's list of the 100 most influential people in the world in 2013 and 2014.